对wcf的理解--实现计算器功能

互联网 17-6-24

WCF本质上提供一个跨进程、跨机器以致跨网络的服务调用，本示例中主要实现了计算器的功能，大部分的函数来源于网上别人的帖子，这叫站在巨人的肩膀上，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，但是为了加深自己的对wcf的理解，因此决定自己在写个类似的demo，把写demo中遇到的问题展现出来，我相信对于初识wcf的程序员了来说，也会遇到各种问题。好了步入正题。

WCF 分为四个部分 1、契约（Interface）2、服务契约（Service）3、WCF 宿主程序（控制台或者IIS） 4、客户端（Client）

本人在写wcf的时候喜欢将四个部分分别拆分成不同的类库来管理。

1、契约

契约是对外开放的接口，暴露给客户端的函数名称首先，新建一个wcf服务库，名称为Interface，如图所示：

删掉程序中默认的文件（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs），新建ICalculator

namespace Interface  {      [ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService", Namespace = "")]public interface ICalculator      {          [OperationContract]double Add(double x, double y);            [OperationContract]double Subtract(double x, double y);            [OperationContract]double Multiply(double x, double y);            [OperationContract]double Divide(double x, double y);        }  }

2、新建服务契约，其实就是实现契约的类，添加"新建项目"->WCF->"WCF服务库" （如第一步新建契约是一样的步骤），类库的名称为Service，

新建成功后，删除默认文件（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs）,添加引用"Interface" 类库，新建CalculatorService 并实现ICalculator

namespace Service  {      [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]public class CalculatorService : ICalculator      {public double Add(double x, double y)          {return x + y;          }public double Subtract(double x, double y)          {return x - y;          }public double Multiply(double x, double y)          {return x * y;          }public double Divide(double x, double y)          {return x / y;          }      }

3、新建WCF宿主程序，WCF的契约和服务契约都已经建完，但是还需要一个程序来承载这些接口供外部程序调用，因此称之为宿主程序，宿主程序可以部署在IIS上，也可以用控制台程序运行方便调试，下面我就介绍用控制台程序作为宿主程序。在解决方案的名称右键添加"控制台程序" 名称为Hosting ，添加对Interface和Service的引用

实现wcf对外开放有两种方式，一种方式是配置文件，将所有的WCF信息都写到配置文件中

第一种：WCF的相关信息写到配置文件（App.config）中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  <configuration>    <startup>      <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1"/>    </startup>    <system.serviceModel>      <services>        <service name="Service.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="WCFService.WCFServiceBehavior">          <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:8888/CalculatorService" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator">                    </endpoint>          <endpoint address="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/CalculatorService"  binding="netTcpBinding"  contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator">          </endpoint>          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexTcpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />          <host>            <baseAddresses>              <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:8888/"/>              <add baseAddress="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/"/>            </baseAddresses>          </host>        </service>      </services>      <behaviors>        <serviceBehaviors>          <behavior name="WCFService.WCFServiceBehavior">            <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />            <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />          </behavior>        </serviceBehaviors>      </behaviors>    </system.serviceModel>  </configuration>

Main方法的主要代码如下，

    public class Program      {internal static ServiceHost host = null;static void Main(string[] args)          {using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))              {                    host.Opened += delegate{                      Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！");                  };                  host.Open();                  Console.ReadLine();              }          }      }

运行控制台程序，如下图所示：

第二种：写一个WCFHelper类，添加帮助类的时候，一定引用System.Runtime.Serialization ，并且删掉App.config 对wcf的配置，否则会报错代码如下：

 public static class WCFHelper      {public static string IP { get; set; }public static int Port { get; set; }static WCFHelper()          {try{                  IP = System.Environment.MachineName;// ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServiceIP"];//                Port = int.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServicePort"]);              }catch{                }                EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.Http, "http://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");              EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetTcp, "net.tcp://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetMsmq, "net.msmq://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetPipe, "net.pipe://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");try{                  httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();                  httpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;                  httpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;                  httpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                  httpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                  httpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                  httpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                    httpBinding.Security.Mode = BasicHttpSecurityMode.None;                    httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;                  httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;                  httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 16384;                  httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;                  httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;              }catch{                  httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();              }try{                  tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();                  tcpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                  tcpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                  tcpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                  tcpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                  tcpBinding.TransactionFlow = false;                  tcpBinding.TransferMode = TransferMode.Buffered;                  tcpBinding.TransactionProtocol = TransactionProtocol.OleTransactions;                  tcpBinding.HostNameComparisonMode = HostNameComparisonMode.StrongWildcard;                  tcpBinding.ListenBacklog = 100000;                  tcpBinding.MaxBufferPoolSize = 524288;                  tcpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;                  tcpBinding.MaxConnections = 2000;                  tcpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;                  tcpBinding.PortSharingEnabled = true;                    tcpBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.None;                    tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;                  tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;                  tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 163840000;                  tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;                  tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;                    tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Ordered = true;                  tcpBinding.ReliableSession.InactivityTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                  tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Enabled = false;              }catch{                  tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();              }          }private static BasicHttpBinding httpBinding;public static BasicHttpBinding HttpBinding          {get{return httpBinding;              }          }private static NetTcpBinding tcpBinding;public static NetTcpBinding TcpBinding          {get{return tcpBinding;              }          }public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)          {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];              address = string.Format(address, ip, port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);          }public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)          {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];              address = string.Format(address, IP, Port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);          }public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)          {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];                address = string.Format(address, ip, port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);          }public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)          {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];                address = string.Format(address, IP, Port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);          }private readonly static Dictionary<BindingProtocol, string> EndpointAddress = new Dictionary<BindingProtocol, string>();public enum BindingProtocol          {              Http = 1,              NetTcp = 2,//NetPipe = 3,//NetMsmq = 4        }      }

将宿主程序中的main方法改成如下：

    static void Main(string[] args)          {              WCFHelper.IP = "127.0.0.10";              WCFHelper.Port = 9999;                Uri httpUri = WCFHelper.GetBaseAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "Inspect", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.Http);using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), httpUri))              {                  host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), WCFHelper.TcpBinding, WCFHelper.GetEndpointAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "InspectService", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.NetTcp).Uri.AbsoluteUri);                  ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();#if DEBUGbehavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;#elsebehavior.HttpGetEnabled = false;#endifhost.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);                  host.Opened += delegate{                      Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！");                  };                  host.Open();                    Console.ReadLine();              }  }

4、宿主程序建完了，WCF的所有锲约已经对外可以访问了，那现在需要建立Client 去调用wcf程序了，

首先，编译宿主程序Host，找到bin/debug/ Host.exe 右键管理员打开，如果如下图证明服务已经于宁

其次，在解决方案名称->右键添加Winform程序新建WinForm 程序,添加"服务引用"

添加服务引用（此引用方式，是以"3、添加宿主程序" ->"第二种 WCF帮助类的方式"）

点击“转到” 系统发现WCF服务，如下图所示：

点击确定，就成功的将wcf的引用了，下面开始调用WCF的程序了，例如调用Add方法，代码如下：

 ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient client = new ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient();              textBox3.Text = client.Add(double.Parse(textBox1.Text), double.Parse(textBox2.Text)).ToString();

到此为止，wcf程序已经完成的跑通了，记得调试的时候已经把宿主程序和client程序同时运行。

如果闲麻烦，vs 支持同时启动多个项目，可以同时把client 和host同时启动