java使用xpath解析xml示例分享

XPath即为XML路径语言（XML Path Language），它是一种用来确定XML文档中某部分位置的语言。XPath基于XML的树状结构，提供在数据结构树中找寻节点的能力。起初 XPath 的提出的初衷是将其作为一个通用的、介于XPointer与XSL间的语法模型。但是 XPath 很快的被开发者采用来当作小型查询语言。XPathTest.java

package com.hongyuan.test;  import java.io.File;  import java.io.IOException;  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;  import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;  import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;  import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;  import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;  import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;  import org.w3c.dom.Document;  import org.w3c.dom.Node;  import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;  import org.xml.sax.SAXException;  public class XPathTest {   public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException,     SAXException, IOException, XPathExpressionException {    // 解析文件，生成document对象    DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()      .newDocumentBuilder();    Document document = builder.parse(new File("bookstore.xml"));    // 生成XPath对象    XPath xpath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();    // 获取节点值    String webTitle = (String) xpath.evaluate(      "/bookstore/book[@category='WEB']/title/text()", document,      XPathConstants.STRING);    System.out.println(webTitle);    System.out.println("===========================================================");    // 获取节点属性值    String webTitleLang = (String) xpath.evaluate(      "/bookstore/book[@category='WEB']/title/@lang", document,      XPathConstants.STRING);    System.out.println(webTitleLang);    System.out.println("===========================================================");    // 获取节点对象    Node bookWeb = (Node) xpath.evaluate(      "/bookstore/book[@category='WEB']", document,      XPathConstants.NODE);    System.out.println(bookWeb.getNodeName());    System.out.println("===========================================================");    // 获取节点集合    NodeList books = (NodeList) xpath.evaluate("/bookstore/book", document,      XPathConstants.NODESET);    for (int i = 0; i < books.getLength(); i++) {     Node book = books.item(i);     System.out.println(xpath.evaluate("@category", book,       XPathConstants.STRING));    }    System.out.println("===========================================================");   }  }

bookstore.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  <bookstore>   <book category="COOKING">     <title>Everyday Italian</title>      <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>      <year>2005</year>      <price>30.00</price>    </book>   <book category="CHILDREN">     <title>Harry Potter</title>      <author>J K. Rowling</author>      <year>2005</year>      <price>29.99</price>    </book>   <book category="WEB">     <title>Learning XML</title>      <author>Erik T. Ray</author>      <year>2003</year>      <price>39.95</price>    </book>  </bookstore>

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